Role of Biotechnology in Diabetic Treatment: A Review

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2021, about 422 million people have diabetes globally, most of them in low-income and medium-income nations, and 1.6 million fatalities annually. In Malaysia, DM is ranked at 9th place as the leading causes of deaths. DM is categorized into 3 types, namely Type 1 or Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM), Type 2 or Non- insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Typically, lifestyle change, diet and exercise are the recommended treatment for DM patients. Nevertheless, oral antidiabetic drugs and insulin (injection) which are produced using biotechnology applications are also available. Currently, biotechnology industries have been endeavored to develop new diabetes treatments such as real-time continuous interstitial glucose monitoring, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), electronic tools for monitoring therapeutic approaches, automated bolus calculators for insulin, and electronic tools for patient education and information as well as hormone therapy and new designing oral diabetes drugs. Optimistically, the future therapies will be accessible to limit the growing trend of DM disease.