A Review on the Effects of Auxin and Cytokinin on the Growth of Momordica Charantia Using in Vitro Propagation Technique

Abstract

Momordica charantia, also known as bitter gourd is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family which grows in tropical and subtropical regions. This review was conducted to investigate the effects of auxin and cytokinin on the growth of Momordica charantia using in vitro propagation technique. The greatest percentage of shoot regeneration (75%) was observed with the treatment of 1.0 mg/L Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1.0 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D). It also showed that 0.6 mg/L 1-Naphtalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2.5 mg/L BAP promoted higher formation of callus (86.25%) from nodal segments within 7 days. Other findings indicated that the best response towards shoot regeneration obtained from the callus by nodal segments as explants of Momordica charantia on MS media supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAP and 0.2 mg/L NAA. The highest number of root formation derived from root segments was found when treated with 1.0 mg/L 2,4‐D and 1.0 mg/L BAP after 3 days. For the effect of auxin and cytokinin on callus formation, it was observed that all three calluses exhibited the best callogenic response when treated with 1.5 mg/L BAP, 1.5 mg/L NAA and 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D (leaf, stem, and cotyledon). Overall, this approach of in vitro propagation technique using auxin and cytokinin offers the benefits and good results on the growth of M. charantia.