Techniques to Produce Polyploidy Species in Aquaculture: A Review

Abstract

Aquaculture stability is one of the best ways to produce the source of protein from animals while using the least amount of grain possible, and it has proven to make a significant come up to global security of food and nutrition for human being. The aquaculture industry's major purpose is to increase output of fish and other aquatic products since the current product are not sufficient to meet the demand. Polyploids have three or more complicated sets of chromosomes (genomes). Fish have a higher rate of polyploidy than other animals. Heat shock, cold shock, pressure shock, chromosomal modification, sex control, and hybridization are some of the procedures used to produce polyploidy. This study is to analyze polyploidy and ploidy manipulation products and potential polyploidy threats in the future, the efficiency or the method and the benefit of polyploidy. Cold shock has the highest survival rate, with a 98.7% success rate, according to studies. This review has been conducted with a large quantity of information was gathered from a range of sources, including books, websites, and online journals, all of which provide accurate information on aquaculture polyploidy procedures. Polyploidy has numerous advantages, including increased aquaculture production, increased growth rate, and the creation of sterile animals. Polyploidy's downsides include the disruptive effects of nuclear and cell enlargement, the inclination of polyploid mitosis and meiosis to produce aneuploidy cells, and epigenetic instability that leads to transgressive (non-additive) gene regulation. Physical and chemical therapies, on the other hand, are not the same as natural factors that can lead to aneuploidy. Despite the hazards and obstacles to the species and habitat, polyploidy products have a high possibility of commercialization.